期间和计算

测量运行时间

测量从 time::Instant::now 开始运行的时间 time::Instant::elapsed。

调用 time::Instant::elapsed 将返回 time::Duration，我们将在实例末尾打印该时间。此方法不会更改或者重置 time::Instant 对象。

use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use std::thread;

fn expensive_function() {
    thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1));
}

fn main() {
    let start = Instant::now();
    expensive_function();
    let duration = start.elapsed();

    println!("Time elapsed in expensive_function() is: {:?}", duration);
}

执行日期检查和时间计算

使用 DateTime::checked_add_signed 计算并显示两周之后的日期和时间，使用 DateTime::checked_sub_signed 计算并显示前一天的日期。如果无法计算出日期和时间，这些方法将返回 None。

可以在 chrono::format::strftime 中找到适用于 DateTime::format 的转义序列。

use chrono::{DateTime, Duration, Utc};

fn day_earlier(date_time: DateTime<Utc>) -> Option<DateTime<Utc>> {
    date_time.checked_sub_signed(Duration::days(1))
}

fn main() {
    let now = Utc::now();
    println!("{}", now);

    let almost_three_weeks_from_now = now.checked_add_signed(Duration::weeks(2))
            .and_then(|in_2weeks| in_2weeks.checked_add_signed(Duration::weeks(1)))
            .and_then(day_earlier);

    match almost_three_weeks_from_now {
        Some(x) => println!("{}", x),
        None => eprintln!("Almost three weeks from now overflows!"),
    }

    match now.checked_add_signed(Duration::max_value()) {
        Some(x) => println!("{}", x),
        None => eprintln!("We can't use chrono to tell the time for the Solar System to complete more than one full orbit around the galactic center."),
    }
}

时间的时区转换

使用 offset::Local::now 获取本地时间并显示，然后使用 DateTime::from_utc 结构体方法将其转换为 UTC 标准格式。最后，使用 offset::FixedOffset 结构体，可以将 UTC 时间转换为 UTC+8 和 UTC-2。

use chrono::{DateTime, FixedOffset, Local, Utc};

fn main() {
    let local_time = Local::now();
    let utc_time = DateTime::<Utc>::from_utc(local_time.naive_utc(), Utc);
    let china_timezone = FixedOffset::east(8 * 3600);
    let rio_timezone = FixedOffset::west(2 * 3600);
    println!("Local time now is {}", local_time);
    println!("UTC time now is {}", utc_time);
    println!(
        "Time in Hong Kong now is {}",
        utc_time.with_timezone(&china_timezone)
    );
    println!("Time in Rio de Janeiro now is {}", utc_time.with_timezone(&rio_timezone));
}